RHD*01EL.01 - RHD*DEL1
(ISBT table: weak D and Del v5.0)
This entry is an RHD allele.
Asia type DEL, Asian DEL, K409K, RHD(1227G>A), RHD(K409K), RHD*1227A, RHD*1227A (DEL1), RHD*1227G>A,
Molecular data
Nucleotides:
1227G>A;
Amino acids: K409K;
Hybrid allele encompassing at least one RHCE exon:
no
Comments on the molecular basis:
- initial descriptions erroneously described deletion of Exon 9
- initial descriptions erroneously described deletion of Exon 9
- RHD-specific miRNA expression level quantification
- demonstrate that the intial descriptions describing deletion of Exon 9 were erroneous
- zygosity determination by MPLA and RHbox detection
- see also "Additional comments" section on the RhesusBase http://www.rhesusbase.info/RHDRHD(1227GtoA).htm
- NGS
Extracellular position of one or more amino acid substitutions:
- Silent or intronic mutations: none of the mutations are predicted to affect an extracellular amino acid.
Splicing:
- unequivocal effect on splicing
- unequivocal effect on splicing
- effect on splicing, predicted in silico
- demonstrated effect on splicing, study of aberrant splicing transcripts
- effect on splicing assumed to be responsible for phenotype
- splice site affected
- splice site mutation
- effect on splicing hypothized
Unconventional prediction methods:
Phenotype
Main D phenotype: DEL or D negative (last update: Jan. 6, 2021)Reports by D phenotype
Other RH phenotypes: RH:-2, -3, -4, -5,
Serology with monoclonal anti-D
- 18 monoclonal Ab tested
- normal D positive phenotype by epitope pattern mapping by adsorption-elution using 16 monoclonal anti-D
(study may overlap with
25960711 ) - tested with Diagast Dscreen kit
- 21 anti-D tested, results not detailed
- epitope pattern mapping by adsorption-elution, all anti-D tested could be eluted
- negative, with a panel of 10 monoclonal anti-D
Antigen Density (Ag/RBC)
More phenotype data
Rhesus Similarity Index
Haplotype
Main CcEe phenotype association: Ce is the most frequent association, ce is less frequent (last update: July 28, 2020)ce | Ce | cE | CE | |
---|---|---|---|---|
ce | 27 | 1148 | 26 | 0 |
Ce | 235 | 177 | 7 | |
cE | 0 | 1 | ||
CE | 2 |
Reports by CcEe phenotype
- with Ce 18 samples
- with Ccee 3 samples
- with ce 1 sample (1 sample homozygous)
- with cCEE 1 sample
- with ccEe 3 samples
- with CE 2 samples (haplotype given, not complete phenotype; not all samples could be counted)
- with CCEe 1 sample
- with CcEe 6 samples
66 samples (15 samples homozygous for allele and haplotype)
3 samples
2 samples (1 sample homozygous)
1 sample
51 samples
30 samples (11 homozygous, 4 heterozygous with RHef00448 or other)
4 samples (4 samples, haplotype given, not complete phenotype) (haplotype given, not complete phenotype; not all samples could be counted)
10 samples (study may overlap with
5 samples (haplotype given, not complete phenotype)
14 samples
31 samples (at least 31 samples, maybe 32; haplotype given not complete phenotype)
1 sample (study may overlap with
2 samples (study may overlap with
4 samples
5 samples
31 samples
130 samples
363 samples (including 34 samples homozygous for allele)
32 samples (including 2 homozygous for the allele)
12 samples
36 samples
97 samples
15 samples
166 samples
150 samples (study may overlap with
16 samples
78 samples
7 samples
24 samples
2 samples (at least 2 samples, maybe 3; haplotype given not complete phenotype)
20 samples
1 sample
2 samples (study may overlap with
2 samples
4 samples (study may overlap with
43 samples
4 samples
1 sample
2 samples (study may overlap with
121 samples
Reports by allele association
Alloimmunization
Antibodies in carriers
Antibody specificity: D (RH1)
Summary: no published cases (last update: Jan. 6, 2021)Detailed information
-
Wang M et al. Transfus Med (2015)
(study may overlap with
- Ab specificity: D (RH1)
- Number (auto- or allo-): 0
- Number listed as allo-:
- Number listed as auto-:
- Number of carriers of the allele assessed:
- DAT: NA
- Autologuous control: NA
- Elution: NA
- Autoadsorption: NA
- Titer: NA
- Was anti-LW excluded?: NA
- Other antibodies detected:
- Cross matches (with Ab and RBCs from different partial types): NA
- Transfusion history:
- Pregnancy history:
- Anti-D Ig history: ND, probably none
- Context: pregnancy
- Hemolytic consequences:
- Comment: among pregnant women with DEL phenotype
Shao CP et al. Transfus Clin Biol (2010)
-
Shao CP et al. N Engl J Med (2010)
- Ab specificity: D (RH1)
- Number (auto- or allo-): 0
- Number listed as allo-:
- Number listed as auto-:
- Number of carriers of the allele assessed:
- DAT: NA
- Autologuous control: NA
- Elution: NA
- Autoadsorption: NA
- Titer: NA
- Was anti-LW excluded?: NA
- Other antibodies detected:
- Cross matches (with Ab and RBCs from different partial types): NA
- Transfusion history:
- Pregnancy history:
- Anti-D Ig history: ND, probably none
- Context: pregnancy
- Hemolytic consequences:
- Comment: retrospective analysis of 104 pregnanices with confirmed anti-D, none had this allele despite an expected frequency of 1/3
Shao CP et al. Transfus Clin Biol (2010)
-
Wang QP et al. Blood Transfus (2014)
- Ab specificity: D (RH1)
- Number (auto- or allo-): 0
- Number listed as allo-:
- Number listed as auto-:
- Number of carriers of the allele assessed:
- DAT:
- Autologuous control:
- Elution:
- Autoadsorption:
- Titer:
- Was anti-LW excluded?:
- Other antibodies detected:
- Cross matches (with Ab and RBCs from different partial types):
- Transfusion history:
- Pregnancy history:
- Anti-D Ig history:
- Context:
- Hemolytic consequences:
- Comment:
-
Shao CP et al. N Engl J Med (2010)
- Ab specificity: D (RH1)
- Number (auto- or allo-): 0
- Number listed as allo-:
- Number listed as auto-:
- Number of carriers of the allele assessed: 44
- DAT: NA
- Autologuous control: NA
- Elution: NA
- Autoadsorption: NA
- Titer: NA
- Was anti-LW excluded?: NA
- Other antibodies detected:
- Cross matches (with Ab and RBCs from different partial types): NA
- Transfusion history:
- Pregnancy history:
- Anti-D Ig history: ND, probably none
- Context: pregnancy
- Hemolytic consequences:
- Comment: prospective study of 199 apparent D negative pregnancies, 44 of which were RHef00122; 38 of the 155 true D negative women developped allo-anti-D, no RHef00122 developped allo-anti-D
Shao CP et al. Transfus Clin Biol (2010)
-
Kim H et al. Transfus Apher Sci (2019)
- Ab specificity: D (RH1)
- Number (auto- or allo-):
- Number listed as allo-:
- Number listed as auto-:
- Number of carriers of the allele assessed:
- DAT: NA
- Autologuous control: NA
- Elution: NA
- Autoadsorption: NA
- Titer: NA
- Was anti-LW excluded?: NA
- Other antibodies detected:
- Cross matches (with Ab and RBCs from different partial types): NA
- Transfusion history:
- Pregnancy history:
- Anti-D Ig history: ND, probably none
- Context: pregnancy
- Hemolytic consequences:
- Comment: Authors consider it premature to transfuse carriers of this variant with D+ RBC units, point to the limitations of previous studies advocating for this measure, and mention an ongoing clinical trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03727230
Antibodies in D negative recipients
Alloimmunization in recipients: yes, see detailed reports and phenotype data
Reports
Summary: common allele, mainly in Eastern Asian individuals or compatible with such descent (last update: Aug. 9, 2020)Detailed reports
- 5/8442 8442 donors with D negative phenotype, screened for presence of the RHD gene in two surveys; 754 donors were C and/or E positive, the rest were ccee phenotype; 5 donors were revealed to be weakly D positive in the German population, Baden-Wurttemberg
- 2/3 samples with weak D phenotype in the Chinese population
- 25/102 + 1/6 102 samples with D negative phenotype by IAT (118 D negative among 41.921 first time donors, DNA was available for 95; 7 D negative pregnant women), 76 were true D negative and 26 DEL phenotypes in the Chinese population (Shenzen area, 96% Chinese Han) (102 samples) (6 samples)
- 94/294 D negative Taiwan Chinese
- 21/74 (+1 not fully typed but assumed) donors with D negative phenotype (adsorption-elution was not performed) Chinese Han
- 43/264 samples (or 42/528 alleles) donors with D negative phenotype Korean
- 0/738 samples with D negative, but C and/or E positive phenotype, screened for RHD specific sequences (in the 5'UTR region, exon 3 and exon 10) in the Austrian population, Tyrol
- 0/104 samples with D negative, but C and/or E positive phenotype, screened for RHD specific sequences (in the 5'UTR region, exon 3 and exon 10) in the Swiss population, Bern and the canton of Bern
- 0/400 samples with D negative, but C and/or E positive phenotype, screened for RHD specific sequences (in the 5'UTR region, exon 3 and exon 10) in the German (states of Lower Saxony, Saxony- Anhalt, Thuringia, Oldenburg, and Bremen) population
- 0/71 samples with D negative, but C and/or E positive phenotype, screened for RHD specific sequences (in the 5'UTR region, exon 3 and exon 10) in the Russian (Kirov Oblast) population
- 0/333 samples with D negative, but C and/or E positive phenotype, screened for RHD specific sequences (in the 5'UTR region, exon 3 and exon 10) in the Slovenian population
- 0/54 samples with D negative, but C and/or E positive phenotype, screened for RHD specific sequences (in the 5'UTR region, exon 3 and exon 10) in the German (city of Braunschweig and eastern parts of Lower Saxony) population
- 3 samples Chinese Asian
- 16/126 donors with D negative phenotype Korean, South Korea
- 1/4 weak D phenotype Korean (South Korea)
- 3/32 weak D or discordant between tube and IAT whithin a population of 305572 Chinese Han and minority donors Chinese Han
- 2/86 donors with D negative phenotype Uigur Chinese
- 11/50 donors with D negative phenotype Han Chinese
- 1/7 donors with D negative phenotype Hui Chinese
- 1/23330 donor samples with D negative phenotype tested for RHD exons 4, 7 and 10 (94 were PCR positive, 74 weak D or DEL in subsequent serologic analysis) in the Austrian population, Upper Austria
- 4/96 among almost 3 million blood donations, 621685 had D negative phenotype; 46133 donors were first time donors with D negative phenotype and, when tested, 96 had RHD intron 4 in the German population
- 268/279 of DEL phenotypes (or /400253 all phenotypes) among 400253 random donors, 1585 had apparent D negative phenotype, but among those, 279 were DEL in the Chinese population, Shanghai
- 1/7 donors with D negative phenotype (out of donor population 22000), C or E positive (leaves: 233 donors) and amplification of RHD exon 10 (leaves:7) Danish
- 5/101 among 2450 donors with D negative phenotype, tested for RHD specific polymorphisms (101 were positive for the polymorphisms) Asian descent in Brazilian, Southeast and Northeast Brazil
- 31/34 donors with DEL phenotype, from a total of 30799 blood samples tested Chinese Anhui Han
- 3/163 selected variants included for the development of a genotyping assay mainly in the Dutch population (samples may have been included in other studies)
- 2/520 among 520 donors with D negative phenotype, C and/or E positive in the Brazilian population (Sao Paulo)
- 154/160 DEL phenotype Chinese Han
- 160/720 D negative phenotype Chinese Han
- 518/2493 (467 heterozygous with RHef00446, 49 homozygous, 2 heterozygous with RHef00283) donors with apparent D negative phenotype (108/2493 were in fact weak D or DEL) Han Chinese, Shanxi Province, Central China
-
1/26243 donors with D negative phenotype in three studies with different inclusion criteria in the Swiss population (Zurich and Berne)
(study may overlap with
24679597 ) -
1/25370 donors with D negative phenotype, screened for RHD exons 3 or 7, plus 5 and 10 in the Swiss population
(study may overlap with
24656493 ) - 37/42306 42306 donors were screened, of which 165 had apparent D negative phenotype, of which 41 were DEL phenotype and characterized at the molecular level East and South-East China
- 16/2027 2027 donors with D negative phenotype, C and/or E positive, screened for RHD exons 4, 5 and 10 and for DEL phenotype in the Australian population
- 8/32 donors suspected to have weak D or partial D phenotypes sent to a reference laboratory Chinese (Zhejiang Han)
- 318/3526 donors with D negative phenotype (4 heterozygous) Japanese
-
168/178 DEL phenotype pregnant women Han Chinese
(study may overlap with
26033335 ) -
130/142 pregnant women with apparent D negative phenotype Han Chinese
(study may overlap with
25960711 ) - 9/37782 270 women with variant alleles among 37782 women with D negative phenotype, tested by quantitative fetal RHD genotyping designed to detect RHD exons 5 and 7 in the Dutch population
- 14/110 among members of the RhD-negative club Korean
- 3/62 heterozyguous samples associated with another variant allele D variant donors Chinese, Southern Han
- 45/200 (38 hemizygous, 3 homozygous, 4 heterozygous) donors with D negative phenotype, tested by MPLA Chinese, Southern Han
- 5/200 (heterozygous with RHef00442) D positive donors tested by MPLA Chinese, Southern Han
- 17/95 donors with apparent D negative phenotype Korean
- 2/662 among 662 pregnant patients with apparent D negative phenotype, enroled for fetal genotyping Australia
- 2/405 donors with D negative phenotype, C and/or E positive, with RHD gene present Brazilian
- 4/1174 donors with D negative phenotype United States population (Los Angeles)
- 1/517 in a population of 67428 random donors, 8042 had D negative phenotype, among those, 517 were C and/or E positive and were screened for RHD gene in the Brazilian population (Sao Paolo)
- 8/45 (including 1 heterozygous with RHef00283, 1 with RHef00357, 1 with RHef00161, 1 with RHef00179, 1 with RHef00173) among 132479 donors screened, 45 had weak D phenotype in the northeastern Chinese Liaoning Province population
- 28/117 (24 hemizygous, 3 homozygous, 1 heterozygous with RHef00707) among 132479 donors screened, 117 had D negative phenotype in the northeastern Chinese Liaoning Province population
- 21/200 donors with D negative phenotype (DEL phenotype excluded) Thai
- 24/129 (in trans with various alleles) donors with weak D phenotype Thai
- 108/121 (including heterozygous with RHef00460) donors with DEL phenotype Thai
- 7/185 RH:–1,–4 or RH:–1,–5 recipients reported by a French lab
- 2 samples donors with apparent D negative phenotype Japanese
- 11/136000 among about 136.000 donors with D negative phenotype, systematically tested for the presence of the RHD gene; the RHD gene was detected in 300 donors in the German population (some samples may overlap with other studies)
-
4/46,756 first time donors with D negative phenotype, tested for RHD exon 7 and adsorption-elution with a polyclonal anti-D in the German population (Northern)
(overlaps with
999999913 ; some samples may overlap with full publications) (overlaps with999999988 ; some samples may overlap with19243542 ) - 2/16,253 samples of pregnant women with D negative of weak D (2+ or less), screened for fetal RHD in the Finnish population
- 1 hemizygote among 278 samples selected for the development of nonspecific quantitative next-generation sequencing. (non-random samples, may have been reported in other studies)
Allele or phenotype frequency
- 1/9091 (CI: 1/4067 - 1/23073) estimated allele frequency by testing 8442 donors with D negative phenotype, screened for presence of the RHD gene in two surveys; 754 donors were C and/or E positive, the rest were ccee phenotype; 5 donors were revealed to be weakly D positive in the German population (Baden-Wurttemberg)
- 0.171569 estimated allele frequency in individuals with D negative phenotype in the Chinese population (Shenzen area, 96% Chinese Han)
- 0.009102 estimated allele frequency in population in the Chinese population (Shenzen area, 96% Chinese Han)
- 0.17 calculated allele frequency in donors with D negative phenotype (adsorption-elution was not performed) Chinese Han
- allele not observed, lowest estimate: 1/5646 estimated allele frequency in samples with D negative phenotype but C and/or E positive, screened for RHD specific sequences (in the 5'UTR region, exon 3 and exon 10) in the Austrian (state of Tyrol) population
- allele not observed, lowest estimate: 1/2326 estimated allele frequency in samples with D negative phenotype but C and/or E positive, screened for RHD specific sequences (in the 5'UTR region, exon 3 and exon 10) in the Slovenian population
- allele not observed, lowest estimate: 1/4399 estimated allele frequency in samples with D negative phenotype but C and/or E positive, screened for RHD specific sequences (in the 5'UTR region, exon 3 and exon 10) in the German (states of Lower Saxony, Saxony- Anhalt, Thuringia, Oldenburg, and Bremen) population
- 0.076 - 0.201 estimated frequency in donors with apparent D negative phenotype (including DEL) Korean (South Korea)
- 1/23330 (CI: 1/4926 - 1/500000) estimated allele frequency in individuals with D negative phenotype in the Austrian population, Upper Austria
- 1/190 estimated allele frequency in the Chinese (Shanghai) population
- 1/294 (CI: 1/1077 - 1/115) estimated allele frequency in donors with D negative phenotype United States population (Los Angeles)
- 0,00853 cumulative allele frequency among weak D and D negative phenotypes; 0,00043 for weak D phenotype and 0,00810 for D negative phenotype in the northeastern Chinese Liaoning Province population
- 0.012 calculated in 16,253 samples of pregnant women with D negative of weak D (2+ or less), screened for fetal RHD in the Finnish population
Structure mapping
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Translation | Middle Mouse Button or Ctrl+Primary | Triple touch | ||
Zoom | Scroll Wheel or Second Mouse Button or Shift+Primary | Pinch (double touch) | ||
Slab | Ctrl+Second | Not Available |
Links
The Human RhesusBase The Human RhesusBaseGenbank: AF390110 JQ424879 EU372941 EU372942 AY751496 AY751495 AY751494 AY751493 AY751492 AY751491
Erythrogene
References
- International Society of Blood Transfusion et al. International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) allele table Online ressource, 1935. — Online ressource — [RHeference]
- Okubo Y et al. A D variant, Del? Transfusion, 1984. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Chang JG et al. Human RhDel is caused by a deletion of 1,013 bp between introns 8 and 9 including exon 9 of RHD gene. Blood, 1998. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Singleton BK. Green CA et al. Two new RHD mutations associated with the DEL phenotype Transfusion Clinique et Biologique, 2001. — Abstract — [RHeference]
- Wagner FF et al. RHD positive haplotypes in D negative Europeans. BMC Genet, 2001. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Shao CP et al. Molecular background of Rh D-positive, D-negative, D(el) and weak D phenotypes in Chinese. Vox Sang, 2002. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Peng CT et al. Molecular basis for the RhD negative phenotype in Chinese. Int J Mol Med, 2003. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Chen JC et al. RHD 1227A is an important genetic marker for RhD(el) individuals. Am J Clin Pathol, 2004. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Shao CP et al. A new hybrid RHD-positive, D antigen-negative allele. Transfus Med, 2004. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Gassner C et al. Presence of RHD in serologically D-, C/E+ individuals: a European multicenter study. Transfusion, 2005. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Xu Q et al. Systemic analysis and zygosity determination of the RHD gene in a D-negative Chinese Han population reveals a novel D-negative RHD gene. Vox Sang, 2005. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Kim JY et al. Molecular characterization of D- Korean persons: development of a diagnostic strategy. Transfusion, 2005. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Körmöczi GF et al. A comprehensive analysis of DEL types: partial DEL individuals are prone to anti-D alloimmunization. Transfusion, 2005. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Luettringhaus TA et al. An easy RHD genotyping strategy for D- East Asian persons applied to Korean blood donors. Transfusion, 2006. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Flegel WA et al. How I manage donors and patients with a weak D phenotype. Curr Opin Hematol, 2006. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Shao CP et al. Multiple isoforms excluding normal RhD mRNA detected in Rh blood group Del phenotype with RHD 1227A allele. Transfus Apher Sci, 2006. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Nogues N et al. RHD null alleles in the Spanish population Vox Sanguinis, 2007. — Abstract — [RHeference]
- Yan L et al. Molecular basis of D variants in Chinese persons. Transfusion, 2007. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Li Q et al. Molecular basis of D variants between Uigur and Han blood donors in Xinjiang. Transfus Med, 2008. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Li Q et al. Molecular basis of the RHD gene in blood donors with DEL phenotypes in Shanghai. Vox Sang, 2009. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Polin H et al. Identification of RHD alleles with the potential of anti-D immunization among seemingly D- blood donors in Upper Austria. Transfusion, 2009. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Flegel WA et al. Six years' experience performing RHD genotyping to confirm D- red blood cell units in Germany for preventing anti-D immunizations. Transfusion, 2009. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Liu HC et al. Aberrant RNA splicing in RHD 7-9 exons of DEL individuals in Taiwan: a mechanism study. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2010. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Shao CP et al. Transfusion of RhD-positive blood in "Asia type" DEL recipients. N Engl J Med, 2010. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Christiansen M et al. RHD positive among C/E+ and D- blood donors in Denmark. Transfusion, 2010. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Shao CP et al. Antenatal Rh prophylaxis is unnecessary for "Asia type" DEL women. Transfus Clin Biol, 2010. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Wagner FF and Flegel WA et al. The Human RhesusBase Online ressource, 2011. — Online ressource — [RHeference]
- Mota M et al. RHD allelic identification among D-Brazilian blood donors as a routine test using pools of DNA. J Clin Lab Anal, 2012. [Citation] [RHeference]
- F F Wagner et al. Single Adsorption / Elution with Anti-D May Be Insufficient to Determine the D Antigen Status of Very Weak DEL Alleles Transfusion, 2012. — Abstract — [RHeference]
- Shao CP et al. DEL RBC transfusion should be avoided in particular blood recipient in East Asia due to allosensitization and ineffectiveness. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 2012. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Chen Q et al. Molecular basis of weak D and DEL in Han population in Anhui Province, China. Chin Med J (Engl), 2012. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Wagner FF et al. RHD PCR of blood donors in Northern Germany: use of adsorption/elution to determine D antigen status Vox Sanguinis, 2012. — Abstract — [RHeference]
- Daniels G et al. Variants of RhD--current testing and clinical consequences. Br J Haematol, 2013. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Haer-Wigman L et al. RHD and RHCE variant and zygosity genotyping via multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Transfusion, 2013. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Gowland P et al. Molecular RHD screening of RhD negative donors can replace standard serological testing for RhD negative donors. Transfus Apher Sci, 2014. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Scott SA et al. The RHD(1227G>A) DEL-associated allele is the most prevalent DEL allele in Australian D- blood donors with C+ and/or E+ phenotypes. Transfusion, 2014. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Wang QP et al. An investigation of secondary anti-D immunisation among phenotypically RhD-negative individuals in the Chinese population. Blood Transfus, 2014. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Ye SH et al. A comprehensive investigation of RHD polymorphisms in the Chinese Han population in Xi'an. Blood Transfus, 2014. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Gu J et al. Molecular basis of DEL phenotype in the Chinese population. BMC Med Genet, 2014. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Costa S et al. RHD alleles and D antigen density among serologically D- C+ Brazilian blood donors. Transfus Med, 2014. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Gu J et al. Analysis of density and epitopes of D antigen on the surface of erythrocytes from DEL phenotypic individuals carrying the RHD1227A allele. Blood Transfus, 2014. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Crottet SL et al. Implementation of a mandatory donor RHD screening in Switzerland. Transfus Apher Sci, 2014. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Wang M et al. Anti-D alloimmunisation in pregnant women with DEL phenotype in China. Transfus Med, 2015. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Ogasawara K et al. Molecular basis for D- Japanese: identification of novel DEL and D- alleles. Vox Sang, 2015. [Citation] [RHeference]
- He J et al. Molecular basis and zygosity determination of D variants including identification of four novel alleles in Chinese individuals. Transfusion, 2015. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Fichou Y et al. Extensive functional analyses of RHD splice site variants: Insights into the potential role of splicing in the physiology of Rh. Transfusion, 2015. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Yang HS et al. Primary anti-D alloimmunization induced by "Asian type" RHD (c.1227G>A) DEL red cell transfusion. Ann Lab Med, 2015. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Xu W et al. Prospective Evaluation of a Transfusion Policy of RhD-Positive Red Blood Cells into DEL Patients in China. Transfus Med Hemother, 2015. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Seo MH et al. An effective diagnostic strategy for accurate detection of RhD variants including Asian DEL type in apparently RhD-negative blood donors in Korea. Vox Sang, 2016. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Stegmann TC et al. Frequency and characterization of known and novel RHD variant alleles in 37 782 Dutch D-negative pregnant women. Br J Haematol, 2016. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Chen DP et al. Comprehensive analysis of RHD splicing transcripts reveals the molecular basis for the weak anti-D reactivity of Del -red blood cells. Transfus Med, 2016. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Ji YL et al. RHD genotype and zygosity analysis in the Chinese Southern Han D+, D- and D variant donors using the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay. Vox Sang, 2017. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Thongbut J et al. RHD-specific microRNA for regulation of the DEL blood group: integration of computational and experimental approaches. Br J Biomed Sci, 2017. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Hyland CA et al. Non-invasive fetal RHD genotyping for RhD negative women stratified into RHD gene deletion or variant groups: comparative accuracy using two blood collection tube types. Pathology, 2017. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Jérôme Babinet et al. Erratum à l’article : « Résumés des Posters » [Transfus. Clin. Biol. 24 (2017) 3S] Transfusion Clinique et Biologique, 2018. — Abstract — [RHeference]
- Chun S et al. The synonymous nucleotide substitution RHD 1056C>G alters mRNA splicing associated with serologically weak D phenotype. J Clin Lab Anal, 2018. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Dezan MR et al. Evaluation of the applicability and effectiveness of a molecular strategy for identifying weak D and DEL phenotype among D- blood donors of mixed origin exhibiting high frequency of RHD*Ψ. Transfusion, 2018. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Kim B et al. Application of Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification Assay for Genotyping Major Blood Group Systems Including DEL Variants in the D-Negative Korean Population. Ann Lab Med, 2018. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Lopez GH et al. A DEL phenotype attributed to RHD Exon 9 sequence deletion: slipped-strand mispairing and blood group polymorphisms. Transfusion, 2018. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Zhang X et al. Molecular and computational analysis of 45 samples with a serologic weak D phenotype detected among 132,479 blood donors in northeast China. J Transl Med, 2019. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Wagner F. et al. Results of more than ten years testing of RhD negative first time donors by RHD PCR Transfus Med Hemother, 2019. — Abstract — [RHeference]
- Perez-Alvarez I et al. RHD genotyping of serologic RhD-negative blood donors in a hospital-based blood donor center. Transfusion, 2019. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Kim H et al. Reconsidering RhD positive blood transfusion for Asia type DEL patients. Transfus Apher Sci, 2019. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Sandler SG et al. Does transfusion of Asian-type DEL red blood cells to D- recipients cause D alloimmunization? Transfusion, 2019. [Citation] [RHeference]
- de Paula Vendrame TA et al. Characterization of RHD alleles present in serologically RHD-negative donors determined by a sensitive microplate technique. Vox Sang, 2019. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Stef M et al. RH genotyping by nonspecific quantitative next-generation sequencing. Transfusion, 2020. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Floch A et al. Comment from Rheference Online ressource, 2020. — Online ressource — [RHeference]
- Tammi SM et al. Next-generation sequencing of 35 RHD variants in 16 253 serologically D- pregnant women in the Finnish population. Blood Adv, 2020. [Citation] [RHeference]
- Thongbut J et al. Comprehensive Molecular Analysis of Serologically D-Negative and Weak/Partial D Phenotype in Thai Blood Donors. Transfus Med Hemother, 2020. [Citation] [RHeference]
Last update: Jan. 8, 2021